Unlike labyrinthine fistula, perilymph may leak from the inner ear to the middle ear either from rupture of the stapediovestibular joint, fracture of the stapes footplate or tearing of the
The tests performed to localize the site of pathology in acute facial nerve palsy are known as topodiagnostic tests. It refers to the functional testing of an individual facial nerve
The most commonly used clinical grading scale is the House Brackmann (HB) facial nerve grading system which has proposed a six point scale for reporting the result of surgery for
At birth, the normal temporal bone has no mastoid process process and an incomplete tympanic ring. The ‘U’ shaped tympanic ring has nodular prominence on each arm, which separates the
The tympanic membrane is formed by the opposition of two epithelia provided by External Auditory Canal (EAC) and the middle ear cavity, with the fibrous layer between them. Embroyologically originates
The middle ear cleft consist of The tympanic cavity, The Eustachian tube and The mastoid air cell system. During early embryonic life in the mesenchyme surrounding the pharynx, five or
Labyrinthine artery(branch of anterior cerebellar artery) Common cochlear artery Main cochlear artery (80% of cochlea) Vestibule cochlear artery Branch to cochlea (20% of cochlea) Posterior vestibular artery (saccule, Posterior semi
After the mechanical conduction of the sound stimulus from the environment to the external ear and middle ear, the transmitted sound energy from the oval window to the inner ear
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment is often used in the center with easy access to hyperbaric chambers. Several authors claim benefits but a satisfactory prospective study has yet to be reported. Hyperbaric
Maligation otitis externa is a misnomer as it is not a neoplastic process. The nomenclature of this condition is confusing as the term skull base osyeomyelitis and necrotizing external otitis
Protection