Image guided surgery is the general term used for any surgical procedure where the surgeon employs tracked surgical instruments in conjunction with preoperative or intraoperative images in order to indirectly guided the procedure.
It is a virtual 3 dimensional mapping system that combines CT scans of patient abnormally and real-time information about the exact of surgical instruments using infrared signals.
The advantages are:
Surgical planning : It helps to diagnose and asses the extent and treatment plan. It helps to familiarize the anatomy and surgical need of patient.
Surgical simulation (practice a certain surgical procedure): makes surgery safer and the training of future surgeons better
Provides intraoperative positional information and localization.
Reduce complications
Aids in revision surgery or in disease distorted anatomical state.
Clinical applications
Skull base
Design of bone flaps
identification of important structure
For finding tumours (small) in obscure parts.
Maximize excess to correct basilar imagination in a patient with osteogenens imperfecta
Rhinology
Used in difficult revision FESS where there are no recognizable anatomical landmasses
Useful to localize frontal recess during draft type and three procedures of frontal sinus to be opened.
Reduces the needs to perform open and external procedures
Transnasal/ trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy
Dehiscent lamina papyracea
Otology
Locating the facial nerve
Identifying the lesion of the petrous apex
Tumours particularly in IAC e.g VS meningioma
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Protection