Zyngomaticomaxillary complex fractures (ZMC) are a group of fracture that disrupt the lateral middle third of the face which comprise of “tetrapod” as it maintains 4 points of articulation with
Tag: MBBS Past Questions
Describe the anatomy osteomeatal complex.Describe the anatomy osteomeatal complex.
The osteomeatal complex includes: Bulla ethmodalis Uncinate process Maxillary turbinate Ethmoid infundibulum. It is important as ostium of frontal maxillary and anterior ethmoidal sinuses are present in this area. Any
How is maxillary sinus developed? Briefly describe the applied anatomy of adult masallary sinus with illustrations.How is maxillary sinus developed? Briefly describe the applied anatomy of adult masallary sinus with illustrations.
The maxillary sinus is the first sinus to appear (7-10 weeks) as a shallow groove expanding from the primitive ethmoidal infundibulum into the mass of the maxilla. Abortion and expansion
What are the anatomic boundaries of the nasal valve? What are two objective way to measure nasal obstruction?What are the anatomic boundaries of the nasal valve? What are two objective way to measure nasal obstruction?
Nasal valve is the narrowest part of the nose but c greatest resistor to produce the most turbulent airflow. It is formed by: The lower edge of the upper lateral
How will you manage a case of CFS rhinorrhoea? How do you heat a case of CFS rhinorrhoea that developed often nasal surgery? Write down different techniques of its repair/write down the surgical treatment of CSF rhinorrhoea. What are the recent advances in the treatment of rhinorrhoea?How will you manage a case of CFS rhinorrhoea? How do you heat a case of CFS rhinorrhoea that developed often nasal surgery? Write down different techniques of its repair/write down the surgical treatment of CSF rhinorrhoea. What are the recent advances in the treatment of rhinorrhoea?
An inter-dicisplinary team approach offers the patient the bent chance of successful outcome. The appropriate treatment choice depends on several factors including the severally and extend of injury the aetiology
What are the advances in the diagnosis of CSF leak?What are the advances in the diagnosis of CSF leak?
Intrathecal dyes combined with endoscopic techniques Historically used dyes are: methylene blue Indigo carmine Radioactive labelled markers Messerklinger combined intrathecal fluoreceins in mixed c 10 ml of CFS from a
What are the indication for MRI (diffusion weighted MRI ) ?What are the indication for MRI (diffusion weighted MRI ) ?
Nuclear machine studies Indication: inactive intermittent, small/questionable CFS leak Leaks not revealed by CT cysternography. Detect presence rather than precise localization. Radio isotopes introduced in CSF by Lumbar Puncture /suboccipital
Describe in brief recent techniques to localize the site of CSF leak.Describe in brief recent techniques to localize the site of CSF leak.
The clinical finding of CSF rhinorrhoea represents only the site of existing CSF but not the origin of the fistula. Accurate definition of the leakage site is undoubtedly the must
Mention the recent confirmatory tests for CSF rhinorrhoea.Mention the recent confirmatory tests for CSF rhinorrhoea.
Beta 2 transferrin : sensitivity 100% , specification 95% Beta 2 transfer is produced by neuraminidase activity within CNS. Therefore it is only present in : CSF Perilymph Aqueous humor