Not an usual complain Usually during development, vestibular system is advance of auditory system and thus less vulnerable to environmental insult. By 24 weeks there is even a primitive vestibulo-ocular
Month: May 2016
POSSIBLE FUTURE THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES OF TREATMENT OF HNSCCPOSSIBLE FUTURE THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES OF TREATMENT OF HNSCC
Gene therapy Virus directed enzyme prodrug therapy: induction of herpes simplex virus “thymidine kinase gene” into tumour cell leading to expression of thymidine kinase which halts DNA synthesis and decrease
MOLECULAR PROGRESSION MODEL OF HNSCCMOLECULAR PROGRESSION MODEL OF HNSCC
The sequence of molecular changes in HNSCC progresses in following order : normal squamous mucosa squamous hyperplasia dysplasia carcinoma in situ invasive carcinoma metastasis
FIELD CANCERISATIONFIELD CANCERISATION
Appearance of synchronus and metachronus tumour in upper aerodigestive tract. CONCEPT: Field cancerisation could be due to mechanism underlying development of multiple primary tumour: Presence of P53 mutant and elevated
ANTIVERTIGINOUS DRUGSANTIVERTIGINOUS DRUGS
The drugs used in the management of vertigo icludes: Antihistamines, Benzodiazepines, Phenothiazines, Monoaminergic agents, and Anticholinergic agents. ATIHISTAMINICS: Antihistamines prevent the histamine response in sensory nerve endings and blood vessels
PROTO-ONCOGENESPROTO-ONCOGENES
Proto-oncogenes has dominant role than tumour supressor gene in reticuloendothelial carcinoma Tumour supressor gene has more role in HNSCC E.g. PRAD1: Important oncogene in HNSCC, overexpression reduces disease free interval
TUMOUR SUPRESSION GENETUMOUR SUPRESSION GENE
Most common target for genetic alteration Homologous loss of P53 found in every type of Ca. P53 is the most extensively studied of known tumour supressor gene FUNCTION: Induces G1
IMMUNOTHERAPY IN TREATMENT OF HNSCCIMMUNOTHERAPY IN TREATMENT OF HNSCC
HNSCC cell secrete immunoregulatory cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 These IL effect growth inhibition directly or indirectly E.g. Local treatment with IL-2 given transmural injection in recurrent HNSCC: positive response IL-2
ETIOLOGY OF HNSCCETIOLOGY OF HNSCC
Carcinogens Viral Familial risk Iron deficiency anaemia Molecular epidemiology CARCINOGENS: Cigarette: releases polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which are broken down by aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase to produce carcinogenic epoxide. These binds to
RADIOSURGERYRADIOSURGERY
It uses a highly focused and precisely targeted radiation to the target tissue while minimizing the exposure to adjacent structure. The main aim is to long term arrest of tumour